Overview
The PPL theory exams are the written theoretical knowledge examinations a candidate must pass to be issued a UK Private Pilot Licence for aeroplanes, PPL(A), by the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). They sit alongside flight training and a practical skill test.
Who can apply
The CAA lists a minimum age of 17 for the PPL(A) and a Part-MED Class 2 medical certificate as requirements for the licence.
Exam pattern
The theoretical knowledge exams cover nine subjects:
| Group | Subjects |
|---|---|
| Common | Air law, Human performance, Meteorology, Communications, Navigation |
| Aircraft-specific | Principles of flight, Operational procedures, Flight performance and planning, Aircraft general knowledge |
Marking and results
A paper is passed with at least 75% of the marks. Under the CAA rules, if a candidate fails one paper in four attempts, or fails to pass all papers within six sittings or within an 18-month period, the whole set must be restarted. All papers must be passed within the 18-month period.
After the exam
Passing the theory exams for a PPL gives you 24 months, counted from completing your last exam, to apply for the licence.
The licence also needs flight training: at least 40 hours of instruction (5 hours may be on a simulator), or 35 hours at an approved training organisation, including at least 10 hours of supervised solo flying with 5 hours cross-country that includes one flight of 270 km (150 NM) landing at two different aerodromes. A practical skill test with an examiner follows.
Fees
Exam fees are set in the CAA's licensing charges. See the CAA licence fees and costs page for current figures.
Preparation tips
Plan to sit all nine exams inside the 18-month window.
Treat the 75% pass mark as the target for each subject, not an average across subjects.
What is the pass mark for the PPL theory exams?
At least 75% of the marks on each paper.
How long are PPL theory passes valid?
24 months to apply for the licence, counted from your last exam.