CBSE Class 12 Business Studies 2026 Question Paper

Ritika wanted to buy a new washing machine. She visited 'Elec Duniya', a large electronics store. She saw there many different brands and models on display like KM, Neo, Unipool, INH etc. The salesperson at the store explained the differences in quality, brand reputation and prices of different washing machines. Ritika could now compare fully automatic, semi-automatic, top load and front load washing machines. The salesperson encouraged her to take her time, check different brands and resolve her queries. Ritika also went to another shop nearby to compare prices and features of different washing machines. After comparing all the available options, Ritika chose a 'Neo' front load washing machine because it offered the best features within her budget. The consumer right exercised by Ritika in the above case is :

The workers in Alpha manufacturing company were using traditional methods for production of metal parts. Since no standard procedure existed, workers relied on personal experience and guess work. As a result, productivity in the assembly line began to decline. To improve productivity, the company hired a consultant specializing in scientific management. The consultant explained that there was only one best method to maximize efficiency and this method could be developed through proper study and analysis. He emphasized that the scientific method should replace the old method, that the workers were using. So, to develop the scientific method, the consultant carefully investigated the traditional methods through work-study and by unifying the best practices, he developed a standard method that would be followed by everyone in the organization. After applying scientific method, there was a three fold increase in productivity within six months. The principle of scientific management which helped the company in increasing the productivity was :

Read the following statements carefully : Statement - I : Consumers should get together and form themselves into consumer associations for protection and promotion of their interests. Statement - II : The Consumer Protection Act provides for setting up a two-tier enforcement machinery for the redressal of consumer grievances. With reference to given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following :

Identify the element of communication process from the above picture : OR (For Visually Impaired Candidates) : The element of communication process that converts the message into communication symbols is : (A) Feedback (B) Media (C) Decoding (D) Encoding

Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) : Assertion (A) : Many enlightened business firms have set up their own consumer service and grievance cells. Reason (R) : The consumer has a right to file a complaint and to be heard in case of dissatisfaction with a good or service. Choose the correct alternative from the alternatives given below :

Sudha is a corporate executive and has to attend a felicitation function to be held in her office tomorrow. So she decides to colour her hair. On recommendation of her friend, she purchased 'NATURO' hair colour. After reading essential details such as shade, its ingredients, usage instructions and expiry date mentioned on the box, Sudha opened the box. She took out the colour tube and developer bottle from the box and threw away the box. The level of packaging of box thrown away by Sudha was :

Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) : Assertion (A) : Money market instruments have a higher degree of liquidity as compared to capital market securities. Reason (R) : Money market instruments are traded on the stock exchanges. Choose the correct alternative from the alternatives given below :

Ravi purchased gold jewellery from a reputed jewellery store. He ensured that the jewellery had a hallmark which confirm its purity and authenticity. To avoid paying goods and services tax (GST) he asked the salesperson to write the gold weight and making charges on a slip of paper and hand over it to him. Which of the following responsibilities of a consumer was not fulfilled by Ravi while purchasing jewellery ?

'CARO Tech Solutions' aimed at development of a software system for the company's growing operations. The project was to be completed within six months with a budget of Rs. 12,00,000. The software development team successfully completed its project on time by outsourcing a part of the project, leading to an additional expense of Rs. 2,00,000. From the following, identify whether the software development team is :

Due to severe winter and rising pollution levels, 'Green India Electronics' planned to launch a new eco-friendly heater in the market. It conducted a survey and found that the demand of this product was very high. As the winter season lasts only for 2 to 3 months, the Chief Executive Officer wanted that there should be close coordination among all the managers to deliver orders on time. Top level managers were asked to work in coordination with their subordinates to ensure that company's policies were properly followed. To ensure that the heaters would be ready on time, the production manager co-ordinated with the operational level managers. Operational level managers co-ordinated the activities of the workers to ensure that work proceeded according to plans. As a result 'Green India Electronics' was able to launch its heaters on time, in the market. The feature of co-ordination discussed in the above case is :

'Business environment keeps on changing whether in terms of technological improvement, shifts in consumer preferences or entry of new competitors in the market.' The feature of business environment highlighted in the above statement is :

A position when a company is unable to meet its fixed financial charges like interest payment, dividend on preference shares and repayment obligations is referred to as ______ .

Identify the incorrect statement with respect to the importance of planning function of management :

Organising is the process that initiates implementation of plans by clarifying jobs and working relationships and effectively deploying resources for attainment of identified and desired results. Organising process thus involves a series of steps that need to be taken in order to achieve the desired goal. Arrange the steps of the process of organizing in the correct order :

Identify the feature of planning which states that the purpose of planning is to meet future events effectively to the best advantage of an organisation :

Match the principle of management given in Column - I with its explanation given in Column - II : Column - I : (a) Discipline (b) Unity of direction (c) Order (d) Unity of command. Column - II : (i) There should be one and only one boss for every individual employee in the organisation. (ii) There should be a place for everything (everyone) and everything (everyone) should be in its (his/her) place. (iii) There should be obedience to organisational rules and employment agreement which is necessary for the working of the organisation. (iv) Each group of activities having the same objective must have one head and one plan. Choose the correct option from the following :

The step of controlling process which reveals the deviation between actual performance and desired results is :

'Certain provisions of the Companies Act place restrictions on payouts as dividend. Such provisions must be adhered to while declaring the dividend.' The factor affecting dividend decision discussed above is :

Read the following statements carefully : Statement - I : Control should focus on key result areas which are critical to the success of an organization. Statement - II : Only significant deviations which go beyond the permissible limit should be brought to the notice of management. With reference to the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following :

Which of the following is NOT an organisational barrier to communication ?

Identify and state the function of management performed by Verma, the Chief Executive Officer of the company.

State any two points of importance of the function identified in (i) above, which are not discussed in the above para.

Suggest with reason which type of organisational structure will be suitable for 'Soal Footwear Ltd.'

State any two advantages of the organisational structure suggested in (i) above.

(a) State any three measures to improve communication effectiveness. OR (b) State any three features of leadership.

(a) State any three functions of middle level management. OR (b) State any three features of 'Demonetisation'.

Identify the concept suggested by CEO that will help Arjun to manage volume of work effectively.

State any three points of importance of the concept identified in (i) above.

(a) State any four merits of internal source of recruitment. OR (b) State any four benefits of training to the employees.

(a) Explain the following points of importance of planning : (i) Planning establishes standards for controlling (ii) Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities (2+2) OR (b) Explain the following types of plans : (i) Objective (ii) Method

Identify and explain the two points that highlight the nature of principles of management, in the above case.

A characteristic of management is discussed in the above case. Identify and explain the characteristic.

State the four functions of marketing that are carried out by 'Eco Care' in the above case.

Identify and explain four factors that would affect the fixed capital requirements of 'Koka Manufacturing Ltd.'.

(a) Explain the following steps in the staffing process : (i) Estimating manpower requirements (ii) Selection (iii) Placement and orientation OR (b) Explain the following non-financial incentives : (i) Status (ii) Organisational climate (iii) Job security

Quoting lines, identify and explain the four functions of stock exchange highlighted in the above case.

(a) Explain the following elements of Marketing Mix : (i) Product (ii) Price (iii) Promotion OR (b) Explain the following components of physical distribution : (i) Order processing (ii) Warehousing (iii) Inventory control