CBSE Class 12 Geography 2026 Question Paper

Which of the following statements related to the concept of 'development' are correct? Choose the appropriate option. I. Development means positive change in life. II. When positive growth is there, it is development. III. When quantity is greater, it is development. IV. Development is always relative to value.

Match column-I with column-II correctly and choose the appropriate option: Column-I (Approach): a. Income Approach; b. Welfare Approach; c. Basic Needs Approach; d. Capability Approach Column-II (Characteristics): i. Proposed by International Labour Organisation; ii. Health, education and access to resources - key factors; iii. It is one of the oldest approach; iv. Human being - targeted beneficiaries

Which one of the following is the low latitudes zone of subsistence gathering practiced in the world?

Choose the correct option related to oil tanker ports of the world.

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): All the developed countries have opened their markets for products from developing countries. Reason (R): World Trade Organisation deals with the global rules of trade between nations.

Read the following statements carefully regarding 'tertiary activities' and choose the correct option: I. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange of services. II. Tertiary activities involve the commercial output of services. III. Tertiary activities are directly involved in the processing of raw material. IV. The examples of tertiary activities are - plumber, doctor, publisher.

Choose the correctly matched pair from the following.

Which one of the following statements is true regarding 'medical tourism' in India?

Choose the right group of states where Dravidian language is spoken majorly.

During which one of the following phase of population growth in India, negative growth was recorded in a decade?

Which one of the following set of cities falling on the 'Golden Quadrilateral' are arranged in a clock-wise direction from Delhi?

Which one of the following cities serve as headquarter of two railway zones?

Which one of the following is a natural process of land degradation?

The loudness of the sound is measured in the unit known as:

**Study the following table showing the world's most populous countries and their share of the world's population, then answer questions 15 to 17.** | Country | % of World Population | | --- | --- | | India | 17.5 | | China | 17.2 | | United States of America | 4.2 | | Indonesia | 3.5 | | Pakistan | 2.8 | | Brazil | 2.68 | | Nigeria | 2.6 | | Bangladesh | 2.1 | | Mexico | 1.6 | How many of the listed countries fall under Asian continent?

**Study the following table showing the world's most populous countries and their share of the world's population, then answer questions 15 to 17.** | Country | % of World Population | | --- | --- | | India | 17.5 | | China | 17.2 | | United States of America | 4.2 | | Indonesia | 3.5 | | Pakistan | 2.8 | | Brazil | 2.68 | | Nigeria | 2.6 | | Bangladesh | 2.1 | | Mexico | 1.6 | Which of the following set of continents is not represented in the table? Choose the most appropriate option.

**Study the following table showing the world's most populous countries and their share of the world's population, then answer questions 15 to 17.** | Country | % of World Population | | --- | --- | | India | 17.5 | | China | 17.2 | | United States of America | 4.2 | | Indonesia | 3.5 | | Pakistan | 2.8 | | Brazil | 2.68 | | Nigeria | 2.6 | | Bangladesh | 2.1 | | Mexico | 1.6 | China and Brazil together account for what percentage of the world population?

Write the geographical name of the area marked as A.

Name any two major crops grown in the region A.

Explain the agricultural importance of the area marked as B.

Explain how industries are the major contributor of water pollution in India.

Suggest the way for minimising water pollution.

Mention two rivers of India which are highly polluted.

Examine the relationships between the 'unresting man' and 'unstable earth'.

Examine the importance of 'sustainability' as a pillar of 'human development'.

Explain the main characteristics of urban settlements in India. OR Explain the evolution of towns in India.

Why is the large difference between primary and tertiary categories of female workers?

Explain the reason of low variation between male workers of 'primary' and 'tertiary' sectors.

Why 'secondary sector' has low contribution in India's workforce?

"Industries should be located at points where the production costs are minimum." Examine the statement with suitable arguments.

"Railway is the mode of land transport for bulky goods and passengers over long distances." In the context of this statement, explain the significance of railways in the world. OR "Road transport is the most economical for short distances compared to railway." In the context of this statement, explain the significance of road transport in the world.

"Generally land-use in a region is influenced by the nature of economic activities." Support the statement with suitable examples. OR "The Indian agricultural problems have physical constraints and institutional hindrances." Support the statement with suitable examples.

Explain the significance of petroleum as major source of energy and describe its distribution in India. (3+2) OR Explain the significance of iron-ore as industrial raw material and describe its distribution in India. (3+2)

Analyse the importance of Indian seaports in the development of international trade. OR Analyse the changing pattern of India's international trade.

In the given political outline map of the world, seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five of them with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them: (5x1=5) A. A terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway B. A major sea port C. A major air port D. An international shipping canal E. An area of 'subsistence gathering' F. An area of 'commercial livestock rearing' G. An area of 'dairy farming' [Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Question No. 29. Attempt any five. (5x1=5) 29.1 Name the westernmost terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway. 29.2 Mention a major sea port on the western coast of South America. 29.3 Mention an international airport of Kenya. 29.4 Name the shipping canal joining Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 29.5 Mention one major region of 'subsistence gathering' in Africa. 29.6 Name a major area of 'commercial livestock rearing' in United States of America. 29.7 Name the major area of 'dairy farming' in North America.]

On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols: (5x1=5) 30.1 A state with the highest density of population (2011). 30.2 A state leading in the production of tea. 30.3 An iron-ore mining area in southern Chhattisgarh. 30.4 A major area of bauxite mining in Odisha. 30.5 An oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh. 30.6 A major seaport located at the head of Gulf of Kuchchh. 30.7 An international airport in Punjab. [Note: The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of Question No. 30. Attempt any five. (5x1=5) 30.1 Name the state with the highest density of population (2011). 30.2 Which state is leading in tea production? 30.3 Name any one iron-ore mining area in Chhattisgarh. 30.4 Mention one bauxite mining area in Odisha. 30.5 Name the place where oil refinery is located in Uttar Pradesh. 30.6 Name the major sea port located on the head of Gulf of Kuchchh. 30.7 Name the place where an international airport is located in Punjab.]