Match Column - I with Column - II and choose the correct option :
Column - I (Types of Farming) / Column - II (Features)
I. Primitive subsistence farming — (a) Use of modern inputs with less labour
II. Intensive subsistence farming — (b) Single crop cultivation on large scale
III. Commercial farming — (c) Slash and burn cultivation
IV. Plantation farming — (d) Labour intensive cultivation
Match Column - I with Column - II and choose the correct option :
Column - I (Types of Farming) / Column - II (Features)
I. Primitive subsistence farming — (a) Use of modern inputs with less labour
II. Intensive subsistence farming — (b) Single crop cultivation on large scale
III. Commercial farming — (c) Slash and burn cultivation
IV. Plantation farming — (d) Labour intensive cultivation
Options
Option C: I–(c), II–(d), III–(a), IV–(b).
- Primitive subsistence = slash and burn
- Intensive subsistence = labour intensive
- Commercial = modern inputs with less labour
- Plantation = single crop on a large scale
Marking Scheme
- 11 mark for selecting Option C: I-(c), II-(d), III-(a), IV-(b); no partial marks for MCQ.
Hint
Primitive = slash and burn; Intensive subsistence = high labour, small land; Commercial = modern inputs, less labour; Plantation = single crop, large scale.
Quick Oral Answer
The correct match is Primitive-slash and burn, Intensive-labour intensive, Commercial-modern inputs with less labour, Plantation-single crop on large scale, i.e., Option C.
Analysis & Explanation
Matches each farming type to its defining feature from 'Resources and Development'.
Concept
- Farming types differ mainly on labour intensity vs modern inputs vs scale/crop number.
Key points
- Primitive subsistence farming → slash-and-burn (c): simple tools (hoe, dao), monsoon-dependent, land cleared by cutting/burning.
- Intensive subsistence farming → labour intensive (d): high population pressure, small holdings, multiple cropping.
- Commercial farming → modern inputs, less labour (a): HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, mechanised.
- Plantation farming → single crop, large scale (b): tea/coffee/rubber, capital-intensive, agro-industry linked.
Common mistakes
- Confusing 'intensive subsistence' (labour intensive) with 'commercial' (modern inputs, less labour) — both sound 'modern' but differ on mechanisation vs labour dependence.
Common Mistakes
- 1Confusing intensive subsistence farming (labour intensive) with commercial farming (modern inputs, less labour) because both seem 'developed'.
- 2Assuming plantation farming means many crops instead of a single cash crop grown on a large scale.
Interesting Facts
Shifting cultivation is known by different local names across India: 'jhumming' in North-East India, 'pamlou' in Manipur, and 'podu' in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
Rice is the staple crop of intensive subsistence farming and requires high temperature, high humidity and high labour input, making states like West Bengal among the most densely farmed regions in the world.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between intensive subsistence and commercial farming?
Intensive subsistence farming uses a lot of labour on small landholdings to maximise output for family consumption, whereas commercial farming uses modern technology and inputs like HYV seeds and fertilizers on large holdings with comparatively less labour, mainly for sale in the market.
Give an example of plantation farming in India.
Tea plantations in Assam and West Bengal, coffee in Karnataka, and rubber in Kerala are classic examples of plantation farming — a single crop grown over a large area with significant capital investment.