Praxis

Overview

The Praxis tests are run by ETS and are used in the United States for teacher education and teacher licensing. They mark two points in a teacher's path: entering a teacher preparation programme, and getting a licence to teach. Which Praxis tests you need depends on your state, licensing agency or preparation programme, so check their requirements first.

The 2026-27 Information Bulletin applies to the testing year from August 1, 2026 to July 31, 2027. ETS reports no new assessments for that year. Tests are given in English only.

Who can apply

Candidates are people entering teacher preparation or seeking a teaching, special education, speech-language pathology, audiology, school psychology or related licence, as required by their state or programme. You must register with a name that exactly matches your identification documents, or you will not be allowed to test.

Exam pattern

The Praxis programme has two main families of tests, plus related assessments listed on the official site (such as ParaPro, the School Leadership Series, PPAT and PASL).

Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators

These tests are aimed at people entering a teacher preparation programme.

Core Combined (code 5752) lets you take all three tests on the same date.

Praxis Subject Assessments

These measure the content knowledge of the subjects you plan to teach. They include:

• Subject Assessments, which test general and subject-specific teaching skills and knowledge, using selected-response and constructed-response items.

• Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT) tests, which measure general teaching knowledge at four grade levels: Early Childhood, K-6, 5-9 and 7-12. They use selected-response and constructed-response items.

• Elementary Education: Content Knowledge for Teaching (CKT) tests, which focus on specialised content knowledge used in elementary teaching. The Bulletin lists the overall CKT test (7811) and separate Reading and Language Arts (7812), Mathematics (7813), Science (7814) and Social Studies (7815) tests.

• Other tests listed in the Bulletin, including Elementary Education: Multiple Subjects, Audiology (5343), School Psychologist (5403), Speech-Language Pathology (5331), world language tests, and the American Sign Language Proficiency Interview (0634).

All tests are delivered by computer except Braille Proficiency (0633). Test length varies by test; ETS publishes a Study Companion for each one. You can take tests at a test centre, or at home if you live in the United States, its territories or Canada. The at-home test has the same content and format and is monitored online by a human proctor.

Syllabus

The content differs for every test. ETS publishes a Study Companion for each test, and these list what is covered. See the test preparation pages on the official site for the test you need.

Marking and results

Required scores are set by each state or licensing agency, not by ETS, so check your state's requirements page on the official site.

• Tests with only selected-response questions can show an unofficial score at the end of the session. Tests with constructed-response questions do not, because the responses must be rated.

• Core Reading and Mathematics scores are available within 7 calendar days after the test day. Core Writing scores are available 20 business days after the test day.

• Official scores are posted to your online account, and you receive an email when they are ready. Score reports stay available in your account for ten years from the reporting date.

• Some questions in a test are unscored pretest questions, and you are not told which.

• Once you have viewed your scores, you can no longer cancel them. Cancelling scores does not earn a refund.

Fees

These are the fees listed in the 2026-27 Bulletin, in US dollars. They are subject to change without notice.

Constructed-response, language, audiology, speech-language pathology and school psychologist tests have their own, higher fees; check the Bulletin for the exact amount for your test.

Other charges:

• $5 extra for Subject Assessments taken at Nevada test centres.

• $50 for each additional score report beyond the four free recipients.

• $35 to register by phone.

• $40 to change your test date or centre.

• $65 per test for a score review, available only for tests with constructed-response questions.

• A non-refundable 3% service fee on online payments.

In some jurisdictions, including the United States and Canada, fees exclude sales or similar taxes, which are added when you register.

A limited number of fee waivers exist for enrolled undergraduate or graduate students who receive financial aid and meet the Bulletin's conditions, including an Expected Family Contribution of $3,000 or less on the 2026-27 FAFSA Student Aid Report. A waiver can be used once per testing year and covers up to three Core tests or one Subject Assessment.

If you cancel at least three days before the test date, you get half the test fee back automatically. Later cancellations or missed appointments are not refunded.

How to apply

1. Create a Praxis account on the official site and choose your test, date and test centre or at-home option. Each test is scheduled individually, based on availability.

2. Pay online by card, PayPal or an authorisation voucher. Existing account holders can also register by phone, a few days before the test, for an extra fee.

3. Pick up to four free score recipients at registration. Some states automatically receive scores; the Bulletin lists them.

4. On test day, bring acceptable ID whose name exactly matches your registration. At a test centre, arrive at least 30 minutes before your appointment.

Candidates needing disability accommodations must register through ETS Disability Services and have them approved before scheduling. Test takers whose primary language is not English may be eligible for 50 percent extra testing time on tests other than language tests.

You can change or cancel an appointment online or by phone at least 3 days before the test, not counting test day, or the fee is forfeited.

After the exam

Send your scores to your state licensing agency and your preparation programme by listing them as score recipients. Score reports show your current score and your highest score on each test taken in the past 10 years. Additional score reports are processed within 5 calendar days for online and phone requests.

You must wait at least 28 days after a test date before retaking the same test. If you break this rule, ETS cancels the retest scores and does not refund the fee. For tests made of subtests, the same wait applies to each subtest.

Preparation tips

• Check your state or programme's requirements first to find out exactly which test codes you need.

• Use the Study Companions, interactive practice tests and study plans that ETS offers on the official site.

• If you plan to take all three Core tests, compare the Core Combined fee with taking them separately.

• Plan around the 28-day retake wait and the score release times, especially for Core Writing.