CBSE Class 12 Sociology — Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

Assertion (A): Sanskritisation operated similarly in different parts of the country. Reason (R): In regions where the non-Sanskritic were dominant, it was their influence that was stronger.

(a) ``Social exclusion is not accidental but systematic -- it is the result of structural features of society.'' In the context of the above statement, highlight the meaning of social exclusion. OR (b) ``Untouchability is an extreme and vicious aspect of the caste system.'' Explain any two dimensions of untouchability.

The `Schedules' listing the castes and tribes recognised as deserving of special treatment because of the massive discrimination practiced against them were drawn up in 1935, by the British Indian government. Post-independence, which was the most important initiative taken by the government to compensate for this discrimination? Write briefly about it.

``In a country where half the children in the age group of 5 -- 14 years are out of school, how can there be space for children with disabilities, especially if a segregated schooling is being advocated for them?'' State two ways by which a disabled child can achieve autonomy.

``Because the tribal areas were located in mineral-rich and forest-covered parts of the country, tribals have paid a disproportionate price for the development of the rest of Indian society.'' How has national development been a challenge for the tribal population of India, post-Independence?