CBSE Class 12 Sociology — Short Answer Questions

``The post-independent Indian state inherited and reflected the contradictions of the pre-independent period.'' Comment on the given statement with respect to the role of caste in the public sphere.

(a) ``Cities played a key role in the economic system of empires.'' Elucidate the statement with the help of suitable examples. OR (b) ``The laws of a colonised country did not have to stick to the democratic norms that the British back home had to follow.'' In what ways did the colonial laws favour the owners and managers of the tea industry?

``Globalisation of agriculture or the incorporation of agriculture into the larger global market -- a process that has had direct effects on farmers and rural society.'' Discuss the role of `contract farming' in this process of globalisation.

``In Indian nationalism, the dominant trend was marked by an inclusive and democratic vision.'' Explain.

``A considerable part of ritual in India has a direct reference to the pursuit of secular ends. Rituals have secular dimensions as distinct from secular goals.'' Justify with the help of suitable examples.

``Jan Breman identified the change in the nature of relationship between landlords and agricultural workers.'' Explain the meaning of the phrase `from patronage to exploitation' stated by him.

``Because the tribal areas were located in mineral-rich and forest-covered parts of the country, tribals have paid a disproportionate price for the development of the rest of Indian society.'' How has national development been a challenge for the tribal population of India, post-Independence?