Write the following statements in the correct order: (I) The resource extraction in areas inhabited by tribes can be traced to the British Government. (II) Since the 1990s, when economic liberalisation policies were officially adopted by the Indian Government, the process of resource extraction in Adivasi areas has become even more powerful. (III) The term `Adivasi' was coined in the 1930s as part of the struggle against intrusion by the colonial government and outside settlers. (IV) The most significant achievement of Adivasi movements includes attainment of statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in the year 2000.

Q: Write the following statements in the correct order: (I) The resource extraction in areas inhabited by tribes can be traced to the British Government. (II) Since the 1990s, when economic liberalisation policies were officially adopted by the Indian Government, the process of resource extraction in Adivasi areas has become even more powerful. (III) The term `Adivasi' was coined in the 1930s as part of the struggle against intrusion by the colonial government and outside settlers. (IV) The most significant achievement of Adivasi movements includes attainment of statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in the year 2000.

**Correct option: (A)** The correct order is (III), (I), (II), (IV). As presented in the NCERT narrative on Adivasi movements: the term 'Adivasi' was coined in the 1930s (III); resource extraction from tribal areas, which can be traced back to the British colonial government (I), continued after Independence; this extraction became even more powerful after the 1990s economic liberalisation (II); and the most significant achievement of Adivasi movements — statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh — came in the year 2000 (IV).

Social Movements (Social Change and Development in India)

Timeline of Adivasi Movements

Options

(A)(III), (I), (II), (IV)

(B)(I), (II), (III), (IV)

(C)(IV), (I), (III), (II)

(D)(III), (II), (IV), (I)

Official Answer

Correct option: (A) The correct order is (III), (I), (II), (IV).

As presented in the NCERT narrative on Adivasi movements: the term 'Adivasi' was coined in the 1930s (III); resource extraction from tribal areas, which can be traced back to the British colonial government (I), continued after Independence; this extraction became even more powerful after the 1990s economic liberalisation (II); and the most significant achievement of Adivasi movements — statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh — came in the year 2000 (IV).

Adivasi movementsresource extractioneconomic liberalisationJharkhandChhattisgarh1930sstatehood

Marking Scheme

11 mark for selecting option (A) with the sequence (III), (I), (II), (IV).
2No partial credit; MCQ is all-or-nothing.

Hint

Follow the order used in the NCERT narrative: term coined (1930s) → colonial-era resource extraction → post-1990s intensification → 2000 statehood.

Quick Oral Answer

The correct sequence follows the NCERT narrative: the term Adivasi was coined in the 1930s, resource extraction traceable to British rule continued, intensified after 1990s liberalisation, and culminated in the 2000 statehood of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

Analysis & Explanation

This sequencing question follows the narrative structure used in the NCERT chapter on Adivasi/tribal movements.

Reasoning for the sequence

(III) is placed first: the term 'Adivasi' emerged in the 1930s as the foundational political assertion of tribal identity during the anti-colonial struggle.
(I) follows: resource extraction from tribal areas is described as an ongoing colonial-era process, continuing the account after establishing the tribal identity discussion.
(II) comes next chronologically as a clearly dated intensification: post-1990s economic liberalisation.
(IV) is last: statehood for Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in 2000 is presented as the culminating achievement of Adivasi movements.

Exam trap

Students may be tempted to place (I) — resource extraction traceable to British rule — chronologically before (III) purely on the basis of an assumed earlier historical starting point. However, this question follows the NCERT text's own narrative sequence rather than a strict, independently-derived timeline, so matching the passage's presentation order is essential.

Common Mistakes

1Placing item (I) before (III) based on independently reasoning about colonial history, rather than following the NCERT text's own sequence.
2Placing (IV) anywhere other than last, forgetting that the 2000 statehood is explicitly the most recent event among the four.

Interesting Facts

Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were both carved out as separate states on the same date — 1 November 2000 (Chhattisgarh) and 15 November 2000 (Jharkhand) — largely in response to long-standing Adivasi demands for political autonomy.

Economic liberalisation policies from 1991 onwards significantly increased mining and industrial activity in mineral-rich tribal regions, intensifying land alienation and displacement of Adivasi communities.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the creation of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh considered a major achievement of Adivasi movements?

Both states were carved out largely in response to sustained tribal demands for political autonomy and self-governance over regions with substantial Adivasi populations, giving tribal communities greater control over local administration and resources.

How did economic liberalisation after 1991 affect Adivasi areas?

Liberalisation opened up mineral-rich and forest-covered tribal regions to greater private and foreign investment in mining and industry, intensifying resource extraction, land acquisition, and displacement of Adivasi communities.