Q31
1 markMCQSection C

Rays from the sun converge at a point 25 cm25\text{ cm} behind a convex lens. The distance at which an object be placed in front of the lens to get a virtual image, is:

Light — Reflection and Refraction
Refraction through lenses — image nature vs object position

Options

(A)20 cm20\text{ cm}
(B)40 cm40\text{ cm}
(C)50 cm50\text{ cm}
(D)More than 50 cm50\text{ cm}
Official Answer

(A) 20 cm20\text{ cm}

focal lengthprincipal focusvirtual imageconvex lensu < f

Hint

Rays from the sun (an object at infinity) always converge at the principal focus of a convex lens — use that to fix f first.

Quick Oral Answer

Sun's rays are parallel (object at infinity), so where they converge behind a convex lens is its focal point — here f = 25 cm. A convex lens only gives a virtual image when the object is placed inside the focal length, so only 20 cm (less than 25 cm) works.

Analysis & Explanation

Rays coming from the sun are effectively parallel rays from an object at infinity. As per the chapter (Fig. 9.12a, Activity 9.11), 'several rays of light parallel to the principal axis... after refraction from the lens, are converging to a point on the principal axis. This point... is called the principal focus.' Since these rays converge 25 cm25\text{ cm} behind the convex lens, that point is the principal focus F2F_2, so the focal length is f=+25 cmf=+25\text{ cm} (positive by the New Cartesian Sign Convention, since it is a convex lens).


From Table 9.4 of the chapter, a convex lens forms a virtual, erect, magnified image only when the object lies between the optical centre OO and the focus F1F_1, i.e. when the object distance is numerically less than the focal length (0<u<f0<|u|<f). For every other position (u=fu=f, or u>f|u|>f) the image is real.


Checking the options against f=25 cmf = 25\text{ cm}:

  • (A) 20 cm20\text{ cm}: since 20 cm<25 cm20\text{ cm} < 25\text{ cm}, the object lies between OO and F1F_1 \rightarrow a virtual image is formed. This is the required condition, so (A) is correct.
  • (B) 40 cm40\text{ cm}: lies beyond F1F_1 (40>2540 > 25), so a real, inverted image is formed — not virtual. Incorrect.
  • (C) 50 cm50\text{ cm}: this equals 2f2f, i.e. the object is at 2F12F_1; the image forms at 2F22F_2, same size, real and inverted (Table 9.4). Incorrect.
  • (D) More than 50 cm50\text{ cm} (beyond 2F12F_1): image forms between F2F_2 and 2F22F_2, diminished, real and inverted. Incorrect.

Verification using the lens formula 1v1u=1f\dfrac{1}{v}-\dfrac{1}{u}=\dfrac{1}{f} with u=20 cmu=-20\text{ cm}, f=+25 cmf=+25\text{ cm}: 1v=1f+1u=125120=45100=1100\dfrac{1}{v}=\dfrac{1}{f}+\dfrac{1}{u}=\dfrac{1}{25}-\dfrac{1}{20}=\dfrac{4-5}{100}=-\dfrac{1}{100}, so v=100 cmv=-100\text{ cm} — negative vv (same side as the object) confirms a virtual image, consistent with option (A).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Assuming the 25 cm given is the object distance rather than realising it is the focal length (image of the sun, an object at infinity, always forms at F).
  2. 2Forgetting that a convex lens gives a virtual image only when the object is placed strictly closer to the lens than the focal length (u < f), and instead picking a distance greater than f.

Interesting Facts

This is exactly the situation in Activity 9.11 of the chapter, where a convex lens focuses sunlight onto paper and can even set it on fire — the burn spot marks the focal length.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2026?

This question carries 1 mark in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Light — Reflection and Refraction" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Refraction through lenses — image nature vs object position" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 paper?

This is a MCQ question from Section C in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 paper.