(a) Mention the gland and the hormone secreted by it in scary situation in human beings.

(b) Write two responses that enable the human body to be ready to deal with such situation.

This question is directly grounded in the chapter's section 'Hormones in Animals'. The text explicitly states: 'What do some animals, for instance squirrels, experience when they are in a scary situation? Their bodies have to prepare for either fighting or running away... This is done in many animals, including human beings, using a hormone called adrenaline that is secreted from the adrenal glands.'

For part (a), the gland is clearly the adrenal gland and the hormone is adrenaline, secreted directly into the blood in response to a scary/stressful situation, and carried to different parts of the body.

For part (b), the chapter lists the specific physiological responses triggered by adrenaline: 'The target organs or the specific tissues on which it acts include the heart. As a result, the heart beats faster, resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs. This diverts the blood to our skeletal muscles. The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles.' Any two of these three responses (increased heart rate, reduced blood supply to digestive system/skin with diversion to skeletal muscles, increased breathing rate) are valid answers, since the chapter states, 'All these responses together enable the animal body to be ready to deal with the situation.'