An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 17 of the periodic table. State its (i) electronic configuration, (ii) valency. Justify your answer with reasoning.
An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 17 of the periodic table. State its (i) electronic configuration, (ii) valency. Justify your answer with reasoning.
(i) Electronic Configuration of Element 'X':
- Configuration:
- Reasoning: Since element 'X' belongs to the 3rd period, it has 3 electron shells (). Since it belongs to group 17, it has 7 valence electrons in its outermost shell ( shell). The inner shells ( and ) must be completely filled with 2 and 8 electrons respectively. Thus, the electronic configuration is .
(ii) Valency of Element 'X':
- Valency:
- Reasoning: Valency is the combining capacity of an atom. For elements with 5 or more valence electrons, valency is calculated as . Since 'X' has 7 valence electrons, it needs to gain 1 electron to complete its stable octet configuration. Therefore, its valency is .
Marking Scheme
- 11 mark
- 21 mark
Hint
An element in the 3rd period has 3 shells. Group 17 indicates it has 7 valence electrons. Use this to write the configuration and find the valency.
Quick Oral Answer
The element is Chlorine. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7, and its valency is 1 because it needs only one electron to complete its octet.
Analysis & Explanation
The period number of an element indicates the number of shells that contain electrons. The group number 17 indicates that the element is a halogen with 7 valence electrons. To find the electronic configuration, we fill the shells from inside out: , , and the remaining valence electrons go to the shell (). Valency is the number of electrons an atom needs to gain, lose, or share to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. Since it has 7 valence electrons, gaining 1 electron is the energetically favorable path, giving it a valency of 1.
Common Mistakes
- 1Writing valency as 7 instead of 1. Valency is the combining capacity, not just the number of valence electrons.
- 2Incorrectly filling the shells as 2, 7, 8 instead of 2, 8, 7.
Interesting Facts
Element X is Chlorine (), a highly reactive non-metal that exists as a diatomic gas at room temperature and reacts with metals like sodium to form common salt ().
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2012?
This question carries 2 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 examination.
Which chapter does this question come from in Science?
This question is from the chapter "Metals and Non-metals" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.
What topic does this question cover in Science?
This question covers the topic "Electronic Configuration and Valency" from CBSE Class 10 Science.
What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper?
This is a Short Answer question from Section A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper.