CBSE Class 12 Psychology — Long Answer Questions

(a) Elaborate on the concept of buddhi and specify how intelligence in the Indian tradition lays emphasis on its connectivity with social and environmental world. OR (b) Individuals who are categorised as having intellectual disability show significant variation in their abilities, ranging from those who can be taught to work and function with special attention, to those who cannot be trained and require institutional care throughout their lives. Identify their categories according to IQ range and specify their potential functionalities.

Ritika has been feeling anxious, socially withdrawn and unable to manage her daily routine. She decides to see a psychotherapist. Over the course of several sessions, she begins to feel heard and supported. Based on this case, elaborate on the factors that contributed to Ritika's psychological healing through psychotherapy.

Prejudice can be difficult to change due to its deep-rooted sources. Imagine you are working on a community outreach programme aiming to reduce prejudice. How would you explain the main causes that lead to development of prejudice ?

During an inter-school science exhibition, • Riya, who usually works efficiently when alone, noticed a drop in her productivity while working with a team. • Her friend Arjun, however performed much better during the final group presentation than he did during rehearsals. • Meanwhile, during a debate on climate change, the group members who initially had mild views became more extreme after discussing their options together. • While playing tug of war, only Riya's teammates contributed less efforts in the group task compared to working alone. Based on the above situation, identify and explain any four psychological concepts related to group influence on individual behaviour.

(a) Direct techniques of personality assessment come with their own drawbacks especially related to social desirability. In such a condition, suggest other methods of personality assessment which can tap the unconscious of the individual. Mention any four such effective techniques. OR (b) While simple and appealing, type theories truly capturing the uniqueness of every individual or oversimplifying the rich diversity of human personality are debatable. Type theories attempt to place individuals into distinct categories based on shared characteristics. Many types of theories have shaped how we view personality. Elaborate on the theories by Type Approach.

(a) Ravi has been showing signs of extreme social withdrawal and erratic mood swings. As a psychology student, how would you apply different approaches/models/factors to understand and explain any abnormal behaviour ? OR (b) Psychological Disorders have come a long way in their journey of understanding and treatment of disorders. To understand psychological disorders, we would require a brief historical account of how these disorders have been viewed over the ages. When we study the history of abnormal psychology, we find that certain theories have occurred repeatedly. Trace the history of disorders to understand their origin and leading to the latest developments.