CBSE Class 12 Biology — Evolution

The idea of use and disuse of organs for evolution of organism was proposed by

Assertion (A) : The population of melanized moths increased in industrial areas after Industrial Revolution. Reason (R) : In Industrial environment lichen covered trees were replaced by soot-covered trees offering better camouflage to dark coloured moths.

(a) How is Hardy-Weinberg expression $(p^2 + 2pq + q^2) = 1$ derived? [2] (b) List any two factors that disturb the genetic equilibrium. [1]