CBSE Class 10 Social Science — Nationalism in India

Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option : I. Gandhi-Irwin Pact II. Rowlatt Act III. Poona Pact IV. Khilafat Movement

Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow : 'To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense' Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In the year 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same year there was an attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in. Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify 'the cult of the bomb and pistol' but wanted a revolution in society – 'Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The labourer is the real sustainer of society. To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!'

Why is the formation of 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)' considered as a turning point in the freedom struggle of India ?

How did Bhagat Singh's trial speeches transform him from a revolutionary to a philosopher of freedom ?

In what way did Bhagat Singh redefine the meaning of 'revolution' for his generation ? Explain.