Q36
3 marksShort AnswerSection C

An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm30\text{ cm} in front of a convex lens of focal length 15 cm15\text{ cm}. Use the lens formula to determine the position of the image. What will be the size of the image in this case?

Light — Reflection and Refraction
Lens formula — image formed by a convex lens at u = 2f
Official Answer

The image is formed at v=+30 cmv = +30\text{ cm} on the other side of the lens. It is a real, inverted image of the same size as the object (magnification m=1m=-1).

lens formula1/v - 1/u = 1/fmagnification m = v/usame size real inverted image2F

Marking Scheme

  • 11 mark for correctly writing the lens formula with proper sign convention values of u and f
  • 21 mark for correct calculation of v = +30 cm
  • 31 mark for correctly stating the nature and size of the image (real, inverted, same size) with supporting magnification value

Hint

Apply the New Cartesian Sign Convention: for a convex lens f is positive, and the object distance u is always negative.

Quick Oral Answer

With u = -30 cm and f = +15 cm, the lens formula gives v = +30 cm and m = -1, so the image is real, inverted, and the same size as the object — because the object sits exactly at 2F.

Analysis & Explanation

Using the sign convention of Section 9.3.6 (focal length of a convex lens is positive, object placed to the left is negative):


Object distance, u=30 cmu = -30\text{ cm}


Focal length, f=+15 cmf = +15\text{ cm} (convex lens)


By the lens formula (Eq. 9.8): 1v1u=1f\dfrac{1}{v}-\dfrac{1}{u}=\dfrac{1}{f}


Since the object is placed at u=30 cm=2fu = -30\text{ cm} = -2f, i.e. at 2F12F_1, Table 9.4 of the chapter tells us the image forms at 2F22F_2, is same size, real and inverted — the calculation below confirms this.


Magnification: m=vu=3030=1m=\dfrac{v}{u}=\dfrac{30}{-30}=-1. The negative sign confirms the image is real and inverted, and m=1|m|=1 confirms it is the same size as the object.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Using u = +30 cm instead of -30 cm, ignoring the sign convention that object distance is always negative.
  2. 2Forgetting to interpret the sign of magnification (m = -1 means real, inverted, same size — not 'no image formed').

Interesting Facts

An object placed at u = 2f is the unique position for a convex lens where image size exactly equals object size — this is used in optical bench experiments to quickly verify a lens's focal length.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2026?

This question carries 3 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Light — Reflection and Refraction" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Lens formula — image formed by a convex lens at u = 2f" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 paper?

This is a Short Answer question from Section C in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2026 paper.