Q1
1 markMCQSection A

The correct balanced chemical equation showing exothermic reaction in which natural gas burns in air is:

Chemical Reactions and Equations
Combination and Exothermic Reactions

Options

(A)CH4+O2CO2+2H2O\mathrm{CH}_4 + \mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}
(B)CH4+2O22CO2+2H2O+Energy\mathrm{CH}_4 + 2\mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow 2\mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{Energy}
(C)CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O\mathrm{CH}_4 + 2\mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}
(D)CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O+Energy\mathrm{CH}_4 + 2\mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2 + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{Energy}
Official Answer

CH4(g)+2O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(g)+Energy\mathrm{CH}_4(g) + 2\mathrm{O}_2(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2(g) + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}(g) + \text{Energy}

Hint

Check both the balancing of atoms and whether the equation explicitly shows energy being released.

Quick Oral Answer

An exothermic reaction is one in which energy (usually as heat) is released along with the products; balancing the equation is separate from, but necessary for, correctly depicting it — an equation must satisfy the law of conservation of mass before the added energy term makes physical sense.

Analysis & Explanation

The NCERT chapter (Eq. 1.17) lists the burning of natural gas, CH4(g)+2O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(g)\mathrm{CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(g)}, as an example of an exothermic combination-type reaction, i.e. one in which heat is released along with the products. A correct answer must therefore be (i) correctly balanced and (ii) show the release of energy as part of the equation.


Option ACH4+O2CO2+2H2O\mathrm{CH_4 + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O}: unbalanced. Oxygen atoms: LHS has 22 (in one O2\mathrm{O_2}), RHS needs 22 (from CO2\mathrm{CO_2}) +2+ 2 (from 2H2O2\mathrm{H_2O}) =4= 4. Also does not indicate energy release. Incorrect.


Option BCH4+2O22CO2+2H2O+Energy\mathrm{CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow 2CO_2 + 2H_2O + Energy}: unbalanced in carbon. LHS has 11 carbon atom (in CH4\mathrm{CH_4}) but RHS shows 2CO22\mathrm{CO_2}, i.e. 22 carbon atoms. Mass/atoms are not conserved, violating the law of conservation of mass stated in the chapter. Incorrect.


Option CCH4+2O2CO2+2H2O\mathrm{CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O}: this is correctly balanced (C: 1=11=1; H: 4=44=4; O: 4=44=4) and is exactly Eq. (1.17) of the chapter, but it does not show that energy is released, so it does not by itself depict the exothermic nature of the reaction, which is what the question specifically asks for. Incorrect as the 'best' choice here.


Option DCH4+2O2CO2+2H2O+Energy\mathrm{CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O + Energy}: correctly balanced (same atom count as C) and explicitly shows 'Energy' as a product, matching the chapter's statement that 'burning of natural gas' is an example of an exothermic reaction (reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products). This is the correct answer.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Picking option C because it is correctly balanced, while overlooking that the question specifically asks for the equation that *shows* the reaction is exothermic (i.e., includes the energy term).
  2. 2Not checking atom balance in option B and assuming any equation with '+ Energy' must be correct.
  3. 3Confusing exothermic (heat released, energy on the product side) with endothermic (heat absorbed, energy on the reactant side).

Interesting Facts

The chapter also gives glucose combustion during respiration, C6H12O6(aq)+6O2(aq)6CO2(aq)+6H2O(l)+energy\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6(aq) + 6O_2(aq) \rightarrow 6CO_2(aq) + 6H_2O(l) + energy}, as another everyday exothermic reaction happening inside our own bodies.

Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is unusual — although decomposition reactions are typically endothermic (they need heat, light or electricity), composting is specifically noted in the NCERT text as an exothermic decomposition reaction.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2025?

This question carries 1 mark in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2025 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Chemical Reactions and Equations" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Combination and Exothermic Reactions" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2025 paper?

This is a MCQ question from Section A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2025 paper.