Pollination is an important process in sexual reproduction of plants. It is an essential process that facilitates fertilisation in plants. Pollinating agents can be wind, water, insects and birds. Several changes take place in the flower after the fertilization has taken place. (a) Write the main difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination. (b) Name the part of the flower which attracts insects for pollination. What happens to this part after fertilisation? (c) (i) Define fertilisation. What is the fate of ovules and the ovary in a flower after fertilisation? OR (c) (ii) In a germinating seed, which parts are known as future shoot and future root? Mention the function of cotyledon.

(a) The main difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination is that in self-pollination, the pollen is transferred from the stamen to the stigma of the same flower, whereas in cross-pollination, the pollen is transferred from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of another flower. (b) The part of the flower that attracts insects for pollination is the petals. After fertilisation, the petals usually fall off. (c) (i) Fertilisation is the fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote. After fertilisation, the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary develops into a fruit. OR (c) (ii) In a germinating seed, the radicle is known as the future root and the plumule is known as the future shoot. The cotyledon functions as a food storing organ.