Q10
1 markMCQSection A

A zygote is formed by the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete. The number of chromosomes in the zygote of a human is :

How do Organisms Reproduce?
Sexual Reproduction and Chromosome Number

Options

(A)23
(B)44
(C)46
(D)92
Official Answer

The correct option is C.

46 chromosomeszygotediploidfusion of gametesmeiosis

Marking Scheme

  • 11 mark

Hint

Recall that gametes have half the chromosome number (n=23n = 23) of normal body cells. Fertilization combines two gametes to restore the diploid number (2n2n).

Quick Oral Answer

A human zygote has 46 chromosomes, which is restored when a sperm with 23 chromosomes fertilizes an egg with 23 chromosomes.

Analysis & Explanation

In human beings, the non-reproductive body cells (somatic cells) are diploid and contain 4646 chromosomes (2323 pairs).


During gametogenesis, specialized germ-cells undergo a reduction division called meiosis to produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg), each containing half the number of chromosomes, which is 2323.


When the male gamete (2323 chromosomes) fuses with the female gamete (2323 chromosomes) during fertilization, a diploid zygote is formed. This fusion re-establishes the original chromosome number:

Number of chromosomes in zygote=23 (from male gamete)+23 (from female gamete)=46\text{Number of chromosomes in zygote} = 23 \text{ (from male gamete)} + 23 \text{ (from female gamete)} = 46


  • Option C is correct because the zygote contains 4646 chromosomes.
  • Option A is incorrect because 2323 is the haploid number of chromosomes found in gametes, not the zygote.
  • Option B is incorrect because 4444 is the number of autosomes in a human somatic cell, excluding the sex chromosomes.
  • Option D is incorrect because 9292 would be double the diploid number, which is prevented by meiosis during gamete formation.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Students often confuse the haploid number of chromosomes in gametes (23) with the diploid number in the zygote (46).

Interesting Facts

If meiosis did not halve the chromosome number in gametes, the chromosome number would double with every generation, leading to cellular chaos!

Spotted a mistake or something unclear?

Tell us — we fix reported answers fast.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2024?

This question carries 1 mark in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2024 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "How do Organisms Reproduce?" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Sexual Reproduction and Chromosome Number" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2024 paper?

This is a MCQ question from Section A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2024 paper.