(a) Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the process of reproduction in Hydra by budding. Name the cells used for reproduction in this process. OR (b) List two roles of each of the following in human reproductive system: (i) Seminal vesicles and prostate gland (ii) Oviduct (iii) Testis

Option (a)

Reproduction in Hydra by Budding:

1. Bud Initiation: In Hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site on the parent body.
2. Development: This bud grows and develops into a tiny individual, forming a mouth and tentacles.
3. Detachment: Once fully mature, the tiny individual detaches from the parent body and becomes a new, independent organism.

Cells used for reproduction: Regenerative cells (specialized cells that proliferate and make large numbers of cells).

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OR

Option (b)

(i) Seminal vesicles and prostate gland:

• They secrete fluids that make the transport of sperms smoother and easier through the urethra.
• Their secretions provide nutrition (like fructose and proteins) to keep the sperms active and motile.

(ii) Oviduct (Fallopian tube):

• It is the site where fertilization (the fusion of sperm and egg) takes place.
• It conveys/transports the egg or the fertilized zygote from the ovary to the uterus.

(iii) Testis:

• It produces the male gametes called sperms.
• It secretes the male sex hormone, testosterone, which regulates sperm production and controls secondary sexual characteristics in males.