Draw a labelled diagram to show electrolytic refining of copper. State what happens when electric current is passed through the electrolyte taken in this case.

1. Labelled Diagram of Electrolytic Refining of Copper

2. What Happens When Electric Current is Passed

When an electric current is passed through the acidified copper sulphate electrolyte, electrolysis takes place:

1. At the Anode (Positive Electrode):

The impure copper atoms lose electrons and dissolve into the electrolyte solution as copper ions ($Cu^{2+}$):

$$Cu(s) ightarrow Cu^{2+}(aq) + 2e^{-}$$

1. At the Cathode (Negative Electrode):

An equivalent amount of pure copper ions ($Cu^{2+}$) from the electrolyte solution gain electrons and get deposited as pure copper metal on the cathode strip:

$$Cu^{2+}(aq) + 2e^{-} ightarrow Cu(s)$$

1. Impurities:

• The soluble impurities go directly into the electrolyte solution.
• The insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the beaker, directly below the anode, and are collected as anode mud.