(i) The pH of a sample of tomato juice is 4.6. How is this juice likely to be in taste ? Give reason to justify your answer. (ii) How do we differentiate between a strong acid and a weak base in terms of ion- formation in aqueous solutions ? (iii) The acid rain can make the survival of aquatic animals difficult. How ?

(i) The tomato juice is likely to be sour in taste. This is because a pH of $4.6$ is less than $7$, indicating that the juice is acidic in nature, and acids are characterized by a sour taste.

(ii) In aqueous solutions, a strong acid (such as $HCl$ or $H_2SO_4$ mentioned in the text) undergoes complete ionization, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$). In contrast, a weak base undergoes only partial ionization, producing a relatively low concentration of hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).

(iii) Acid rain lowers the pH of water bodies (like rivers and ponds) below the level required for the survival of aquatic life. Most aquatic organisms can only survive within a narrow range of pH; high acidity can damage their tissues and disrupt their reproductive cycles.