(a) An acid 'X' and an alcohol 'Y' react with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a sweet smelling substance 'Z'. Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved and name it. The substance 'Z' on treatment with sodium hydroxide produces back the alcohol 'Y' and sodium ethanoate. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved and name it, giving justification for the name.

OR

(b) (i) Name the simplest saturated hydrocarbon. Draw its electron dot structure. Which type of bonds exist in this compound?

(ii) Name any two mixtures of the carbon compound used as a fuel in daily life, of which the above mentioned compound is an important component.

(iii) In which homologous series of carbon compounds can this compound be placed? Write the general formula of the series.

(iv) Which type of flame is produced on burning it?

(a) The acid 'X' is ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), the alcohol 'Y' is ethanol (C2H5OH), and the sweet-smelling substance 'Z' is ethyl ethanoate (CH3COOC2H5). The reaction involved is esterification, and the chemical equation is:

CH3COOH + C2H5OH $\rightarrow$ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

The substance 'Z' on treatment with sodium hydroxide produces back the alcohol 'Y' and sodium ethanoate. The reaction involved is saponification, and the chemical equation is:

CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH $\rightarrow$ C2H5OH + CH3COONa

The name 'saponification' is justified because it involves the formation of soap.

OR

(b) (i) The simplest saturated hydrocarbon is methane (CH4). Its electron dot structure is:

H - C - H

H - C - H

The type of bonds that exist in this compound are covalent bonds.

(ii) Two mixtures of carbon compounds used as fuels in daily life, of which methane is an important component, are:

1. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
2. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

(iii) Methane can be placed in the homologous series of alkanes. The general formula of the series is CnH2n+2.

(iv) The type of flame produced on burning methane is a blue flame.