(a) Write the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels in human body. Mention the disease caused due to it. (b) How is the timing and the amount of release of insulin in the blood regulated?

Q: (a) Write the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels in human body. Mention the disease caused due to it. (b) How is the timing and the amount of release of insulin in the blood regulated?

(a) **Role of Insulin:** Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by helping cells absorb glucose, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. **Disease caused:** Deficiency or insufficient secretion of insulin leads to high blood sugar levels, causing the disease **Diabetes**. (b) **Regulation of release:** The timing and amount of insulin released into the blood are regulated by a **feedback mechanism**. When blood sugar levels rise, the cells of the pancreas detect this change and respond by producing and releasing more insulin. As the blood sugar level falls to normal, the secretion of insulin is reduced.

Control and Coordination

Hormones in Animals

Official Answer

(a) Role of Insulin: Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by helping cells absorb glucose, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.

Disease caused: Deficiency or insufficient secretion of insulin leads to high blood sugar levels, causing the disease Diabetes.

(b) Regulation of release: The timing and amount of insulin released into the blood are regulated by a feedback mechanism. When blood sugar levels rise, the cells of the pancreas detect this change and respond by producing and releasing more insulin. As the blood sugar level falls to normal, the secretion of insulin is reduced.

insulinpancreasblood sugar levelsdiabetesfeedback mechanism

Marking Scheme

10.5 marks for stating the role of insulin (regulating/lowering blood sugar levels).
20.5 marks for naming the disease (Diabetes).
31.0 mark for explaining the feedback mechanism regulating the timing and amount of insulin release.

Hint

Think about the organ that secretes insulin, how it acts on blood glucose, and how a thermostat-like feedback loop controls its release.

Quick Oral Answer

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels. Its deficiency causes diabetes, and its release is controlled by a feedback mechanism where pancreatic cells detect blood glucose levels.

Analysis & Explanation

Insulin is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the human body. Without adequate insulin, glucose remains in the bloodstream instead of being utilized by body cells, leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes. To prevent harmful fluctuations, the pancreas acts as both a sensor and an effector. It continuously monitors blood glucose levels and adjusts insulin secretion accordingly via a negative feedback loop.

Common Mistakes

1Stating that insulin increases blood sugar levels instead of lowering them.
2Forgetting to mention the feedback mechanism or failing to explain how the pancreas detects glucose levels to regulate secretion.

Interesting Facts

Before the discovery of insulin in 1921 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, type 1 diabetes was a fatal disease with no effective treatment.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2023?

This question carries 2 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2023 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Control and Coordination" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Hormones in Animals" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2023 paper?

This is a Very Short Answer question from Section B in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2023 paper.