Fertilisation is the process of

According to the NCERT textbook, fertilisation is the process where the male germ-cell produced by the pollen grain fuses with the female gamete (egg cell) present in the ovule to form a zygote.

Option A is incorrect because the transfer of pollen (containing the male gamete) from the stamen to the stigma is called pollination*, which is a precursor to fertilisation, not fertilisation itself.

• Option B is correct because fertilisation is fundamentally the fusion of the male and female gametes (specifically their nuclei) to form a diploid zygote.
• Option C is incorrect because the physical contact or adhesion of reproductive parts is not the biological process of fertilisation.

Option D is incorrect because the formation of gametes by reproductive organs is called gametogenesis*, which happens before pollination and fertilisation.