(a) Draw a diagram showing germination of pollen on stigma of a flower and mark on it the following organs/parts:

(i) Pollen Grain

(ii) Pollen tube

(iii) Stigma

(iv) Female germ cell

(b) State the significance of pollen tube.

(c) Name the parts of flower that develop after fertilization into:

(i) Seed

(ii) Fruit

OR

(a) "Use of a condom is beneficial for both the sexes involved in a sexual act." Justify this statement giving two reasons.

(b) How do oral contraceptive help in avoiding pregnancies?

(c) What is sex selective abortion? How does it affect a healthy society? (State any one consequence)

OPTION 1

(a) Germination of Pollen on Stigma:

(b) Significance of the Pollen Tube:

• The pollen tube acts as a conduit that grows out of the pollen grain, travels down through the style, and reaches the ovary.
• It carries the male germ-cell (male gamete) to the female germ-cell (egg cell) located inside the ovule, enabling fertilisation to take place.

(c) Post-fertilisation Development:

• (i) Seed: Develops from the Ovule.
• (ii) Fruit: Develops from the Ovary.

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OPTION 2 (OR)

(a) Justification for Condom Use:

1. Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Condoms act as a physical barrier that prevents the transmission of infectious agents (such as HIV-AIDS, syphilis, and gonorrhoea) between partners.
2. Contraception: They prevent unwanted pregnancies by blocking the passage of semen into the female reproductive tract, thereby protecting the female partner from the physical, hormonal, and mental stress associated with unplanned pregnancies.

(b) Mechanism of Oral Contraceptives:

• Oral contraceptive pills contain hormones that alter the body's natural hormonal balance.
• This prevents the release of eggs (ovulation) from the ovaries, meaning fertilisation cannot occur even if sperm are present.

(c) Sex-Selective Abortion and its Societal Impact:

• Definition: Sex-selective abortion is the practice of terminating a pregnancy based on the predicted sex of the fetus (specifically targeting female fetuses, known as female foeticide).
• Consequence on Society: It leads to a severely skewed child sex ratio (an imbalance in the male-to-female ratio), which disrupts social stability, increases violence, and harms the overall health of a balanced society.