Q15
3 marksShort AnswerSection SECTION-A

The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm0.01\text{ cm} radius is 10 Ω10\ \Omega. If the resistivity of the material of the wire is 50×108 Ωm50 \times 10^{-8}\ \Omega\cdot\text{m}, find the length of the wire.

Electricity
Factors on which Resistance Depends
Official Answer

The length of the wire is approximately 0.628 m0.628\text{ m} (or 62.8 cm62.8\text{ cm}).

R = rho * l / AA = pi * r^20.628 m62.8 cm

Marking Scheme

  • 1Correct conversion of radius to meters and calculation of area (A=3.14×108 m2A = 3.14 \times 10^{-8}\text{ m}^2): 1.0 mark
  • 2Correct formula rearrangement (l=RA/ρl = RA/\rho) and substitution: 1.0 mark
  • 3Correct final calculation of length with units (0.628 m0.628\text{ m} or 62.8 cm62.8\text{ cm}): 1.0 mark

Hint

First convert the radius from cm to m (r=104 mr = 10^{-4}\text{ m}), calculate the area using A=πr2A = \pi r^2, and then use the formula l=RAρl = \frac{R \cdot A}{\rho}.

Quick Oral Answer

Resistivity is an intrinsic property of a material that measures how strongly it opposes the flow of electric current, whereas resistance depends on both the material's resistivity and its physical dimensions (length and cross-sectional area).

Analysis & Explanation

The resistance of a uniform conductor is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area (R=ρl/AR = \rho l/A). Here, the radius is given in centimeters, so it must first be converted to meters (1 cm=102 m1\text{ cm} = 10^{-2}\text{ m}) to maintain consistency with the SI unit of resistivity (Ωm\Omega\cdot\text{m}). The cross-sectional area of a cylindrical wire is circular, given by A=πr2A = \pi r^2. Substituting these values into the rearranged formula l=RA/ρl = RA/\rho allows us to cancel out the 10810^{-8} terms, simplifying the calculation to yield a length of 0.628 m0.628\text{ m}.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Forgetting to convert the radius from centimeters to meters, which leads to an error by a factor of 10410^4 in the final length.
  2. 2Using the diameter formula instead of the radius formula for the area of cross-section.

Interesting Facts

Nichrome and other high-resistivity alloys are used to make heating elements because their high resistivity allows a relatively short length of wire to produce significant resistance and heat without melting.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2014?

This question carries 3 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Electricity" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Factors on which Resistance Depends" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 paper?

This is a Short Answer question from Section SECTION-A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 paper.