Q20
5 marksLong AnswerSection SECTION-A

Write balanced chemical equations for the following statements:

(i) NaOH\text{NaOH} solution is heated with zinc granules.

(ii) Excess of carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water.

(iii) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate.

(iv) Egg shells are dropped in hydrochloric acid.

(v) Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Acids, Bases and Salts
Chemical Reactions of Acids and Bases
Official Answer

The balanced chemical equations for the given statements are:


(i) NaOHNaOH solution is heated with zinc granules:

2NaOH(aq)+Zn(s)ΔNa2ZnO2(aq)+H2(g)2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) \xrightarrow{\Delta} Na_2ZnO_2(aq) + H_2(g)

(Product: Sodium zincate and Hydrogen gas)


(ii) Excess of carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water:

First, lime water turns milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate:

Ca(OH)2(aq)+CO2(g)CaCO3(s)+H2O(l)Ca(OH)_2(aq) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow CaCO_3(s) + H_2O(l)

On passing excess carbon dioxide, the milkiness disappears due to the formation of soluble calcium hydrogencarbonate:

CaCO3(s)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)Ca(HCO3)2(aq)CaCO_3(s) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow Ca(HCO_3)_2(aq)


(iii) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate:

Na2CO3(s)+H2SO4(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)Na_2CO_3(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Na_2SO_4(aq) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g)


(iv) Egg shells are dropped in hydrochloric acid:

Egg shells are made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3CaCO_3). The reaction is:

CaCO3(s)+2HCl(aq)CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g)


(v) Copper (II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:

CuO(s)+2HCl(aq)CuCl2(aq)+H2O(l)CuO(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow CuCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l)

(Product: Copper (II) chloride, which gives a blue-green colour to the solution)

Sodium zincateCalcium carbonateCalcium hydrogencarbonateEgg shellsCopper (II) chloridebalanced chemical equation

Marking Scheme

  • 1Balanced equation for NaOHNaOH and ZnZn with correct states and formula of sodium zincate. (1 mark)
  • 2Balanced equations for lime water turning milky and then clearing with excess CO2CO_2. (1 mark)
  • 3Balanced equation for sodium carbonate and sulphuric acid. (1 mark)
  • 4Identify egg shells as CaCO3CaCO_3 and write the balanced equation with HClHCl. (1 mark)
  • 5Balanced equation for copper (II) oxide and hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

Hint

Recall that egg shells are made of calcium carbonate. Remember that passing excess carbon dioxide through lime water dissolves the initial white precipitate.

Quick Oral Answer

The reaction of zinc with NaOHNaOH produces sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2Na_2ZnO_2) and hydrogen gas. Egg shells contain calcium carbonate, which reacts with HClHCl to release carbon dioxide gas with effervescence.

Analysis & Explanation

  1. Reaction (i): Zinc is an amphoteric metal that reacts with strong bases like sodium hydroxide to form a soluble salt (sodium zincate) and hydrogen gas.
  2. Reaction (ii): Carbon dioxide reacts with lime water (Ca(OH)2Ca(OH)_2) to form a white precipitate of CaCO3CaCO_3. Excess CO2CO_2 converts this precipitate into water-soluble calcium hydrogencarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2Ca(HCO_3)_2), clearing the solution.
  3. Reaction (iii): Metal carbonates react with acids to yield salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
  4. Reaction (iv): Egg shells are primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3CaCO_3). Thus, they react with HClHCl in the same manner as any metal carbonate, producing calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.
  5. Reaction (v): Copper (II) oxide is a basic metal oxide. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to undergo a neutralization-like reaction, forming copper (II) chloride (which turns the solution blue-green) and water.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Writing incorrect formulas for sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2Na_2ZnO_2) or calcium hydrogencarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2Ca(HCO_3)_2).
  2. 2Forgetting that egg shells are made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3CaCO_3).
  3. 3Not writing the second step of the reaction when excess CO2CO_2 is passed through lime water.

Interesting Facts

The blue-green color of the solution when copper (II) oxide dissolves in hydrochloric acid is due to the formation of Cu2+Cu^{2+} ions in the form of copper (II) chloride.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2014?

This question carries 5 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Acids, Bases and Salts" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Chemical Reactions of Acids and Bases" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 paper?

This is a Long Answer question from Section SECTION-A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2014 paper.