Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions of organic compounds with the help of the chemical equation for each. What is the use of (i) esters and (ii) saponification process?

Distinction between Esterification and Saponification

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Chemical Equations

• Esterification Reaction:

$$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Acid}} \text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

(Ethanoic acid + Ethanol $\rightarrow$ Ethyl ethanoate + Water)

• Saponification Reaction:

$$\text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{COONa} + \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$$

(Ethyl ethanoate + Sodium hydroxide $\rightarrow$ Sodium acetate + Ethanol)

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Uses

1. Use of Esters: Esters are sweet-smelling substances used in making perfumes, synthetic flavorings, cosmetics, and as industrial solvents.
2. Use of Saponification Process: This process is primarily used in the commercial preparation and manufacturing of soaps.