Explain the meaning of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Give two examples of STDs each, caused due to (i) bacterial infection and (ii) viral infection. State in brief how the spread of such diseases may be prevented.
Explain the meaning of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Give two examples of STDs each, caused due to (i) bacterial infection and (ii) viral infection. State in brief how the spread of such diseases may be prevented.
Meaning of STDs: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diseases or infections which are transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact. They are caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa) and can spread through the exchange of body fluids during sexual intercourse.
Examples of STDs:
(i) Bacterial STDs:
- Gonorrhoea — caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Syphilis — caused by Treponema pallidum.
(ii) Viral STDs:
- AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) — caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- Warts — caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Prevention of spread of STDs:
- Avoid sexual contact with unknown/multiple partners.
- Use a condom (barrier method) during sexual intercourse.
- Ensure that blood for transfusion is tested and free from disease-causing germs.
- Use sterilised needles and syringes only.
- Maintain personal hygiene and seek early medical treatment if any symptom is noticed.
Marking Scheme
- 11 mark for correctly defining sexually transmitted diseases.
- 21 mark for giving two examples of bacterial STDs (e.g., Gonorrhoea and Syphilis).
- 31 mark for giving two examples of viral STDs (e.g., AIDS and Warts).
- 41 mark for stating the prevention methods (e.g., use of condom, avoiding multiple sex partners, use of sterilised needles).
- 51 mark for clarity of presentation.
Hint
Think of the difference between the urinary system and the reproductive system — the 'ureter' carries urine, not sperm. The male reproductive tube is the 'urethra'.
Quick Oral Answer
Q: Is AIDS a bacterial or viral disease? Which microorganism causes it? A: AIDS is a viral disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which destroys the immune cells of the body.
Analysis & Explanation
The NCERT chapter explains that sexual mode of reproduction involves the transfer of gametes through body contact, and this same intimate contact can also transfer disease-causing microorganisms from one partner to another. Such diseases are called Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs). Bacteria cause diseases like gonorrhoea and syphilis, while viruses cause AIDS and genital warts. The chapter emphasises that prevention lies in avoiding risky sexual behaviour and using barrier protection like condoms. Note: 'Ureter' is not part of the male reproductive system — the correct tube is the urethra — so any answer must use the term urethra to score marks.
Common Mistakes
- 1Writing 'AIDS' under bacterial STDs — AIDS is caused by a virus (HIV).
- 2Writing 'cancer' as an STD — cancer is not a contagious STD.
- 3Confusing prevention with cure; once infected, STDs need medical treatment, not just prevention.
- 4Writing 'urethra' as 'ureter' while discussing the male reproductive system.
Interesting Facts
HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) attacks the immune system's helper T-cells, leaving the body unable to fight even mild infections.
Condoms, when used correctly, are one of the most effective barrier methods to prevent STD transmission.
Many STDs can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2012?
This question carries 3 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 examination.
Which chapter does this question come from in Science?
This question is from the chapter "How do Organisms Reproduce?" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.
What topic does this question cover in Science?
This question covers the topic "Reproductive Health – Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)" from CBSE Class 10 Science.
What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper?
This is a Short Answer question from Section A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper.