Q18
3 marksShort AnswerSection A

List in tabular form two distinguishing features between acquired traits and inherited traits, with one example of each.

Heredity
Acquired and Inherited Traits
Official Answer

The distinguishing features between acquired and inherited traits are as follows:


FeatureInherited TraitsAcquired Traits
OriginThese traits are controlled by specific sections of DNADNA (genes) and are present from birth.These traits are developed by an individual during their lifetime in response to the environment.
TransmissionThese traits are passed from parents to the next generation through germ cells.These traits cannot be passed on to the progeny as they do not affect the DNADNA of germ cells.
ExampleEye color or shape of the earlobe.Learning to play a musical instrument or weight loss due to starvation.
DNAgerm cellsprogenylifetimegenessomaticenvironment

Marking Scheme

  • 11 mark for correctly distinguishing origin (Genetic vs. Environmental).
  • 21 mark for correctly distinguishing transmission (Passed to progeny vs. Not passed).
  • 30.5 mark for a valid example of an inherited trait.
  • 40.5 mark for a valid example of an acquired trait.

Hint

Think about whether a change in a person's physical skill (like swimming) or a change in their genetic makeup (like blood group) is passed to their children.

Quick Oral Answer

Acquired traits are not inherited because they only affect somatic cells and do not cause any change in the DNADNA of the germ cells (gametes), which are the only cells that contribute genetic information to the next generation.

Analysis & Explanation

Inherited traits are those that are coded in the DNADNA of an organism's germ cells (gametes). Because they are part of the genetic material, they are transmitted to offspring during reproduction. In contrast, acquired traits are changes in the somatic (non-reproductive) tissues caused by environmental factors, use or disuse of organs, or experiences. Since these changes do not alter the genetic code in the sperm or eggs, they die with the individual and are not inherited. Note: While the provided text focuses on 'Chemical Reactions and Equations', this question pertains to the biological principles of heredity.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Assuming that physical changes like muscle building or scars can be inherited by children.
  2. 2Confusing the term 'acquired' with 'congenital' (traits present at birth but not necessarily genetic).

Interesting Facts

August Weismann disproved the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics by cutting off the tails of mice for 21 generations; the 22nd generation was still born with full-length tails.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many marks does this question carry in CBSE Class 10 Science 2012?

This question carries 3 marks in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 examination.

Which chapter does this question come from in Science?

This question is from the chapter "Heredity" in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

What topic does this question cover in Science?

This question covers the topic "Acquired and Inherited Traits" from CBSE Class 10 Science.

What type of question is this in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper?

This is a Short Answer question from Section A in the CBSE Class 10 Science 2012 paper.