With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the various steps of budding in Hydra. OR What is binary fission in organisms ? With the help of suitable diagrams, describe the mode of reproduction in Amoeba.

OPTION 1: Budding in Hydra

Budding is an asexual mode of reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to repeated cell division at one specific site on the parent body.

#### Steps of Budding in Hydra:

1. Bud Development: Due to repeated cell division of regenerative cells at a specific site on the parent Hydra body, a small outgrowth called a bud begins to develop.
2. Growth and Differentiation: The bud grows progressively, developing tiny tentacles and a mouth, mimicking the structure of the parent.
3. Maturation: The bud matures into a tiny, fully formed individual Hydra.
4. Detachment: Once fully mature, the young Hydra detaches from the parent body and becomes an independent, self-sustaining individual.

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OR

OPTION 2: Binary Fission in Amoeba

Binary Fission is a type of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms where a single parent cell divides into two equal, independent daughter cells.

#### Mode of Reproduction in Amoeba:

1. No Fixed Plane: In Amoeba, cell division can occur in any plane because it lacks a fixed body shape.
2. Karyokinesis (Nuclear Division): The process begins with the elongation of the nucleus, which gradually divides into two daughter nuclei.
3. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division): Following nuclear division, the cytoplasm starts constricting along the division plane.
4. Formation of Daughter Cells: The constriction deepens until the parent cell splits completely, producing two identical daughter Amoeba cells.